“Not the Bee” circulated a government document containing excellent advice about what to do in a viral pandemic. The document is from the Division of Sanitation of the Department of the Navy. It concerns what to do in the face of the Spanish Flu, which in 1918 infected 500 million people or one-third of the world’s population, killing at least 50 million worldwide with about 675,000 occurring in the United States. Now that’s a pandemic.

Kathy and I have had a recent taste of influenza A. It’s taken a real toll on our students at U of M, with so many cases even the CDC poked its nose in (1). Our students are all masked and vaxxed, but clearly out and about. Remember, flu numbers were way down last year, probably because of the isolation. So if flu is coming your way, this 103 year old document isn’t bad advice. For coronavirus too.

Reference

1. Delahoy MJ, Mortenson L, Bauman L, Marquez J, Bagdasarian N, Coyle J; Sumner K, Lewis NM, Lauring AS, Flannery B, Patel MM, Martin ET.  Influenza A(H3N2) Outbreak on a University Campus — Michigan, October–November 2021. Morb Mort Weekly Rep (MMWR) December 3, 2021. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7049e1.htm?s_cid=mm7049e1_w

I’m usually not one to post extensive work from someone else. But this piece addresses concerns about the new variant (1). Bottom line, it isn’t even going to be very infectious. Prior vaccines aren’t going to help much. Boosters are nonsense and probably dangerous by instigation of antibody dependent enhancement (ADE) (2)

Here’s the post:

French Research and Real-World Data Counter Omicron Hysteria

• Dr. Joel S. Hirschhorn
• December 3, 2021

So much talk about Omicron; so much fear-mongering; so much talk about science.  Most is nonsense.  The best research has received little attention.  It comes from esteemed, senior French scientist: Dr. Jacques Fantini, Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at the University of Aix-Marseille.

You are about to learn what senior people in the public health establishment need to use, especially Fauci who claims he speaks for and represents “science.”  If he knows the French research, he is not sharing it with the public, nor is the mainstream media.

The key scientific achievement by Fantini is the calculation of one key parameter he calls the index of transmissibility (T) of a COVID variant.  The key work was published in June 2021 with the title “Structural dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 variants: A health monitoring strategy for anticipating Covid-19 outbreaks.”  This research is very sophisticated, detailed and challenging.  Genomic sequence data are used in the analyses of variants.

The molecular details of variants are analyzed to calculate T values for COVID variants.  Originally, T values for known variants or strains of the COVID virus were determined.  The T value for the Delta variant done in early 2021 accurately predicted the surge of Delta throughout the world, making it the dominant variant in many countries, including the US.

The T value accurately describes to what extent a variant is or is not very transmissible.  The higher the value of T, the greater is the ease at which a variant is spread from one person to another.  The higher the value, the more contagious is the variant.  Fantini said how T values could serve a critical need: “T-index can be used as a health monitoring strategy to anticipate future Covid-19 outbreaks.”  At this moment, the question is “Is the T value for Omicron of concern?”

So, now look at the following table that gives T values for the original five variants published by Fantini, plus what he has just released for the new Omicron variant.

Variant	T-index
Initial Wuhan	2.16
UK – Alpha	3.59
Brazil – Gamma	3.65
South Africa – Beta	3.82
Delta	10.67
Omicron	3.90

Delta stands out for having an extremely high T value compared to previous variants.  

No surprise that it quickly became the dominant variant globally.

And equally impressive is the relatively low T value for Omicron, just 37% of the Delta value.  Omicron should not be of high concern by people and nations.  It is in line with most pre-Delta variants.  It is not exceptional.  There is no scientific basis for all the hysteria about Omicron.  As shown below, most people assessed with Omicron were vaccinated and got breakthrough infections showing vaccines offer little protection.

Additional observations

Note that the higher the T value it is also likely the less effective are current vaccines for defending against the variant and protecting people from it (as real-world data given below show).  However, the higher T value does not imply greater lethality.  As is known by virologists, variants are smart enough to not kill their victims, which would also kill them and prevent them from spreading.  Thus, high T value variants spread easily, can cause health impacts but do not necessarily kill people at a high rate.

Fantini said this: “For Omicron, the mutations go in all directions, without any particular logic, some annihilating each other.  The mutational profiles …suggest that neutralizing antibodies [from vaccine immunity] will have very low activity on this variant.  …This analysis of the Omicron variant suggests that this variant will not supplant Delta.”  In other words, with far less spreading potential, Omicron is not likely to replace the much higher transmissible Delta prevalent globally.  Even though reports keep coming in from different nations that Omicron has been found.

More positive insights had to do with the more than 30 mutations and exactly where they were located in the molecule.  “The affinity of the Omicron … for ACE-2 [cellular material that causes infection] is decreased compared to all other variants analyzed to date, probably as a consequence of this accumulation of mutations.”  Fantini is saying that Omicron is not only not as highly transmissible as Delta, it is also not as infectious.

Worth remembering is that all the current COVID vaccines were designed to address the earliest COVID virus molecule.  Thus, they do not protect very well against later variants that have considerable mutations.  Is protection zero?  No.  Current vaccines offer limited defense against variants because they only aim at a small fraction of the virus molecule components.

Vaccine problems

In a more recent article, Fantini and an associate said: there is a “progressive loss of immunity induced by the two doses of vaccines directed against the spike protein” because current vaccines are not designed to defend against recent variants, including Delta and Omicron.  Moreover, “the third vaccine [booster] dose can have serious long-term side effects due to the “ADE” phenomenon (Antibody-dependent enhancement: facilitation of infection by antibodies).  The benefit/risk ratio would be unfavorable.”  In other words, like other researchers, they see the negative impact of current COVID vaccines that reduce protection offered by a person’s immune system. What is being said is that antibodies not only offer little protection but, instead, facilitate viral infection and promote release of new mutations or variants.  

This is consistent with considerable data showing correlations between higher vaccination rates and higher death rates at the nation level.

This too was noted: “The immune response to SARS-CoV-2, whether natural or vaccine-induced, produces antibodies directed against the spike protein.  In the case of mRNA vaccines, the only molecular target is the spike protein.  In the case of natural infection with the virus, the immune response [natural immunity] is directed against several viral proteins, including the spike protein.  In all cases, the spike protein is therefore crucial.  However, SARS-CoV-2 is an RNA virus that mutates a lot, and many mutations affect the spike protein, which disturbs its recognition by antibodies.”  The bottom line is that vaccine immunity is inferior to natural immunity, because the former was designed for the earliest strain and only targets a small fraction of the complex COVID molecule.

Real world data show no severe illness and no protection from vaccines

The forecast by Fantini about Omicron is consistent with information flowing in.  Specifically, vaccines will have little impact on Omicron transmission or infectivity.  

For example, Reuters reported: “Four people in southern Germany have tested positive for the Omicron COVID-19 variant even though they were fully vaccinated against the coronavirus said officials.”  Moreover, “All four showed moderate symptoms.” 

Previously it was highlighted, according to the Botswana government, the Omicron variant was first detected in four people who were fully vaccinated.  And information from South Africa is that Omicron caused mild symptoms and no patients needed hospitalization, and that the European Union’s public health body said that they’ve found 44 cases containing the omicron variant in 10 of their member countries, all of which had mild or asymptomatic illness.”

Also reported was that “Two quarantined travelers in Hong Kong who have tested positive for the variant were vaccinated with the Pfizer jab.  All three initial confirmed and suspected cases reported from Israel occurred among fully vaccinated individuals.  And an Israeli doctor revealed that he had been infected with Omicron despite being triple vaccinated also wearing a mask.

In Australia, “New South Wales state authorities reported that two travelers from South Africa to Sydney had become Australia’s first omicron cases.  Both were fully vaccinated, showed no symptoms.”  A person in San Francisco was reported to have traveled from South Africa, had mild symptoms and had been vaccinated.  

Interestingly, officials said they had contacted everyone who had close contact with the person and they had all tested negative.

Meanwhile, everything that Fauci has said is completely inconsistent with actual data as well as what Fantini has forecast.  Everything he has said seems clearly aimed at instilling fear about Omicron so that invasive, authoritarian government actions and continued push for vaccines could be justified.

Conclusions

A review of studies found unequivocally that COVID vaccines do not stop viral transmission, with no difference between vaccinated and unvaccinated people.  So, all real-world evidence is that Omicron cannot be effectively addressed by COVID vaccines.  Together with Fantini’s work the proper conclusion is that Omicron will not be very transmissible nor be more infective than Delta.

Because mutations will continue to produce variants, it is critically important to use the work of Fantini.  To accurately assess whether or not a new variant should evoke the fears and government responses that have sprung up so quickly for Omicron.

By Dr. Joel S. Hischhorn

And of course, we can always stand to hear the comments of Bobby McFerrin (3).

Dr. Joel S. Hirschhorn, author of Pandemic Blunder and many articles and podcasts on the pandemic, worked on health issues for decades, and his Pandemic Blunder Newsletter is on Substack. As a full professor at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, he directed a medical research program between the colleges of engineering and medicine.  As a senior official at the Congressional Office of Technology Assessment and the National Governors Association, he directed major studies on health-related subjects; he testified at over 50 US Senate and House hearings and authored hundreds of articles and op-ed articles in major newspapers.  He has served as an executive volunteer at a major hospital for more than 10 years.  He is a member of the Association of American Physicians and Surgeons, and America’s Frontline Doctors.

Comments

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References

1. Hischorn JS. French Research and Real-World Data Counter Omicron Hysteria. The Blue State Conservative. December 3, 2021. https://thebluestateconservative.com/2021/12/03/french-research-and-real-world-data-counter-omicron-hysteria/
2. Ike B. ADE. Word Press. November 23, 2021. https://theviewfromharbal.com/2021/11/26/ade/1.
3. Ike B. Thanks, Bobby. Word Press. March 15, 2020. https://theviewfromharbal.com/2020/03/15/thanks-bobby/

For those of you who are not regular readers of Lucianne.com, behold:

Let’s all have a Merry Christmas in spite of it all, and remember (and observe) the real 12 days ( 1).

Reference

1. Ike B. Dandy Dozen. Word Press December 25, 2020. https://theviewfromharbal.com/2020/12/25/dandy-dozen/

So the latest player on the world coronavirus stage is B.1.1.529 (1).  The B.1.1. traces its genetic lineage directly to the original Wuhan strain.  The WHO, continuing its practice of assigning a Greek letter to the isolate had to go through some contortions.  Delta had been followed by 8 variants, all of which fizzled out.  “Nu (n)” was next up, but that suggests something “new”, which is the last thing this COVID weary world needs.  A committee has to pass on these things – WHO’s Technical Advisory Group on SARS-CoV-2 Virus Evolution – but next they faced the Red Dragon.  Xi (Ξ).  I’d like to think that the parents of premier Xi Jinping had embraced the Greek classical tradition, but I think it’s coincidence his name landed at #14 in the WHO naming sweepstakes.  I suppose Premier Xi has earned a prize for bringing the world to its knees, but naming a minor coronavirus variant after him seems a bit wimpy.  So on to the 15^th Greek letter, the very bland omicron (O) (2).  I thought they could sex up the intro by bringing in a vixen from Trump’s “The Apprentice”, Omarossa

I’m not sure I want protection from that!

So what about this puppy?  As expected for a coronavirus many steps down the line, the virus is heavily mutated from the original.  At least 50 mutations in the virus compared to the original Wuhan strain, and 30 mutations in the spike protein alone.  Chances that immune systems targeted against Wuhan might whiff are substantial.  The monoclonals infused to the infected might whiff too.  The doc who first reported this variant in South Africa said the disease was mild, a few aches and pains, some fatigue, maybe some cough, but no loss of smell and taste.  On the flip side, it’s much more contagious.  Typical progression of coronavirus: less morbidity higher infectiveness. Evolving to a nuisance.

While the establishment stands ready to wield all the heavy handed measures its applied only to fail in the past: travel bans, lockdowns, mandates, passports, masks, all the while ratcheting the fear of yet another assault on our health.  The two-faced, flip-flopping, fawning, figurehead of our nation’s effort against fight against COVID – admitting he’s 2 weeks away from understanding this situation – recommends more boosters.  More spike protein, more clots, more heart attacks, more autoimmune neurologic syndromes, more deaths (3).  And who knows about the long term consequences of harboring spike protein everywhere. I’m disappointed that my hero Francis Collins has joined the ramparts here and is recommending more boosters. He’s a short timer and could speak his mind. I longed for him to join the fray earlier but he kept quiet. We’ll have to wait for the book.

Dr. Houmann Hemmati, a Ph.D immunologist from Cal Tech and USC has pointed out this strain could be our salvation ( 4).  By infecting widely, but lightly (nobody gets too sick), we all get natural immunity, that elusive “herd immunity” – never achievable with the mRNA “vaccines”-  comes into play.  So I say we toss the masks, snuggle up to each other, and get a little sick.  The vaxxed can participate, as omicron has mutated beyond any thing their mRNA infused immune system can recognize.

Your desire to participate in this endgame to our pandemic can be an excuse to throw every BS measure you’ve been told to “protect yourself” to the wind, as you’re going to protect yourself by facing up to this wimpy offspring of the generations removed bioweapon that’s changed our lives.  But no more as we move ahead into the normal times we all deserve.

But be cautious if omincron tries to take over your body entirely.  We know how that worked out last time (5)

References

1. Classification of Omicron (B.1.1.529): SARS-CoV-2 Variant of Concern. WHO Newsletter November 26, 2021.  https://www.who.int/news/item/26-11-2021-classification-of-omicron-(b.1.1.529)-sars-cov-2-variant-of-concern

2. Callaway E.  Heavily mutated Omicron variant puts scientists on alert.  Nature.  November 25, 2021.  https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-03552-w

 

3. Openvaers.  https://openvaers.com/

4. Fox News.  Doctor explains How omicron variant could speed up end of COVID pandemic.  November 30, 2021. https://www.foxnews.com/media/omicron-variant-speed-end-pandemic-doctor-hemmati

5. IMBd.  Omicron 1963.  https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0191326/

I haven’t written about coronavirus for quite a while.  The sturm und drang over the vaxx has reached baroque levels.  Ample evidence is out there that it’s not providing much protection against whatever strains are floating around now, all multiply mutated beyond the original Wuhan variant.  Highest new infection rates are in states and countries with the highest vaccination rates (1).  Clinical courses may not run worse in those who have been vaccinated, so say mainstream outlets like Johns Hopkins (2), but ya still get sick!.  Even St. Anthony admits that the stab was never meant to protect against actual infection – meaning this vaxx can never be part of a strategy to eradicate this coronavirus – only to make the infection you get a little less worse (3).  Yet, the drumbeat to get the stab rolls on.  Those who decline, for whatever reason, become pariahs, selfishly and ignorantly refusing to help in the crisis of our time, even contributing to it’s perpetuation.  No wonder they should be denied medical care and be driven from their jobs.  High level people who opt out are pilloried.  Look how they turned college graduate, articulate and universally loved NFL championship quarterback Aaron Rogers into a selfish knuckle-dragger.   You’d think he voted for Donald Trump (probably did).  Mr. Rogers got to go back to work.  Not so for many who decline and work in a business or institution under a mandate.  While the 5^th circuit court and OSHA might save us, there’s still a lot of businesses, from fire and police departments, hospitals, airlines, plants, and stores operating with severe manpower shortages, deprived of people who don’t see a future filled with spike proteins as a good option.  In what might be one of the bigger tragedies in this ongoing drama, little children are being brought into the fold.  The parents are the ones giving informed consent here, and anyone who has not read over the stats on consequences of COVID infection in children, and the zero chance the kids have of transmitting to an adult, and thereby refused the stab for their child, is guilty of child abuse (4).  Yet playing on a time out in the basketball game last Sunday, then again several times, was a black and white piece featuring smiling little children walking in a field toward the camera, saying how happy and healthy they were, with at least one saying “I’m happy to be vaccinated”, with an adult female voice over reminding us how important it was to get the little darlings stabbed.  Pure Soviet propaganda. Chilling.

Could it be worse?  In Australia and New Zealand riots are breaking out by those chafing under the tyrannical lockdowns both countries have been under since the get go.  New COVID cases from the Northern Territories will go to camps.  Demonstrations – many violent – arise across Europe protesting new winter restrictions.  In Austria, plans are afoot to confine the unvaxxed to a second class citizen status the likes of which have not been seen since the country called Herr Hitler a proud son.  Maybe they’ve still got some of those yellow stars laying around to slap on the unvaxxed.  Germany is not far behind, tapping into a spirit in their citizenry always below the surface and ready to institute uber alles.  German euthanasia clinics are refusing patients who are not vaccinated.

For translations: caption “the racer under the Christmas tree”.  The blaster in his chair “I’ll get you, refuse to vaccinate”.  On the box, “Covidstrike” is the “first person shoot game of the year”

Surely, there must be some hope on the horizon.  Those boys and girls in our labs have to be doing something besides ginning up booster shots.  The NIH has received almost $4.9 billion to date to fund important COVID-19 research on diagnostic tests, vaccines, and treatments.   DEVEX, an outfit tracking global development trends, found $21.7 trillion committed worldwide as of June 27, 2020.  Pfizer developed Paxlovid (PF-07321332 plus ritonavir, a protease inhibitor on its shelf (it’s an old unused AIDS pill) (5) while me-too Merck was more creative, coming up with Lagevrio (molnupiravir); by presenting false building blocks of RNA, it throttles RNA dependent RNA polymerase, the enzyme the virus uses to replicate itself (6) As such, it could be effective against other RNA viruses, including flu! Pfizer released preliminary data showing huge protection against hospitalization and death.  Reductions from Lagevrio weren’t quite a substantial.  “Emergency authorization” being sought for both.  Uncle has already committed $5.9 billion for 10 million doses of Paxlovid.  My, that’s an expensive pill!  But Pfizer will forego royalties.  Under the deal struck with the global Medicines Patent Pool (MPP), Pfizer — which also produces one of the most widely-used Covid vaccines with German lab BioNTech — will not receive royalties from the generic manufacturers, making the treatment cheaper.  Pfizer will sub-licence production of its promising Paxlovid pill to generic drug manufacturers for supply in 95 low- and middle-income nations covering around 53 percent of the world’s population.

But in the cheap seats, all is not well.  With unseemly glee, a group of bean counters has dissected last summers review of ivermectin for COVID, finding the two larger cited studies flawed by 1^st world standards, leaving support for ivermectin much weaker. (7). Reports of grisly side effects from ivermectin have appeared, even though some dosing regimens included things like paste, with few employing a logical mg/kg dosing regime (8).  Plaquenil, after emerging from last year looking o.k. got slammed by the WHO in the spring.  Someone snuck a little trial into JAMA showing that a single azithromax pill taken once has no effect on evolution of symptoms 2 weeks later compared with placebo (9).  Original proponents of such regimens, like the heroic Dr. Zelenko, continue to prescribe such regimens, and his patients stay out of hospitals.  My wife and I follow an ivermectin prophylaxis regimen.

Complications of the vaxx continue to roll in. 1,742,488 adverse events, with a small fraction of people actually reporting. Hard to imaging what a lifetime teeming with spike protein might mean (10)

And something fishy is going on with the “variants”.  Remember when “delta” emerged last summer, coming out of the subcontinent where it had caused quite a bit of disease, the CDC had it on its radar as a “variant of concern”, all sequenced and characterized.  Whether those 13 mutations in its spike protein would make it less recognizable to any immune response primed for the Wuhan strain was never established.  But CDC scrutiny for variants seems to have ground to a halt.  All the strains isolated now are the delta (11) with 10 “Variants being monitored” as of October 4 (12).  Such a sloppily replicating virus (1 error per 10,000 nucleotides, or 3 mutations per replication) should be spewing out variants right and left.  There must be some tremendous selective pressures for delta.  One advantage of having delta still standing is that it can become the basis for the next round of vaccinations.

Nearly every door slammed by a mandate opens a little window with the chance to prove weekly that one is not harboring COVID.  At the University, there are multiple sites where you can sign up for an appointment for a test, walk in and answer some questions, spit into a little funnel, and hear within 24 hours that you’re still clean.  Such goes into your phone, and you can print it out if you want “papers” (I do), and you can flash these into the face of anyone at a restaurant or a concert venue seeking proof of your purity.  There’s a lot of this about.  Per ourworldindata.com 3.37 tests were performed per 1,000 people 11/15/21 nationwide.  With the current population of the United States of America is 333,691,290 as of Sunday, November 21, 2021, based on Worldometer elaboration of the latest United Nations data.  So that’s 1,124,539 tests in just one day.  With a median cost per test of about $150, that’s $16,680,947 per day.  While some have to pay for these tests or charge it to their insurance, most tests are “free” covered by some flow of government funds.  Into who’s pockets does all this case flow?   I’m still working on this, but some people are getting very rich.

Costs for these tests may be going up around here.  Campus has been hit by an alarming increase in influenza A cases.  Patients, like my wife, hit by a respiratory illness resembling COVID also have that test tube up the nose look for influenza A, which she had, and gave to me.  That test is about 3 times as expensive. What pans out here in AA will be interesting.  It might be a local flash in the pan, or a harbinger of a larger trend.  Remember, last season the flu numbers were way down, something the mask/lockdown crowd ascribed to the success of their maskings, forgetting the experience of the 1918 Spanish Flu epidemic that showed masks were worthless.  Ultimately, it was due to the isolation, with no one entering into the social arenas where virus exchange could take place.  Students are still out and about on campus, still masked.  But most have their immune systems focused on spike proteins.  How much can be left to take on another RNA virus?  I guess we’ll see.

But my impetus for writing this was to help my endocrinologist friend Dave understand Antibody Dependent Enhancement (ADE), a phenomemon invoked to explain why we’re still in this mess with COVID, 2 years after the boys and girls at the Wuhan Lab sprung it on us.  Ya’ think the masks, distancing, lockdowns and vaxx woulda let us move to something else.  But here we are.  So aren’t vaccines good?  Even Sabin’s sugar cubes spread a little polio.  In the late 60s, vaccination of neonates and the very young against Respiratory Syncytial Virus, and RNA respiratory virus, produced a vaccinated population that still could catch RSV, and get much sicker for it than those who had been left alone.  Thus was born the notion of ADE, whereby antibodies raised that do not neutralize virus facilitate other processes that augment the virulence of any ensuing infection (13).  Scientists saw this coming for COVID less than 6 months (14,15) after it sprung, as talk about vaccines was well underway (19,20).  Maybe they recalled the work of their Taiwainese colleagues at Kaohsiung who in 2014 looked at the first SARS outbreak and found ADE correlated with antibodies against spike protein (16).  Attempts at a vaccine broke when antibody dependent enhancement arose on in a monkey model (17). Everything old is new again.

Our immune system is an elegant, immensely complex tangle of processes that protect us from ourselves and the outside world (18).  That we deign to manipulate it to do our bidding is another bit of the hubris of Western medicine.  For COVID, we figure if we hijack our own ribosomes to crank out the Wuhan version of spike protein – action arm of the virus that hooks onto the ACE2 receptor – pushing that product in the face of all arms of our immune cells will make them take notice if something similar comes their way.  Since not all antibodies raised are neutralizing, chance for ADE mischief come afoot.  So what happens?  As the virus enters the vaxxed host (or one with natural immunity), non neutralizing antibody facilitates viral uptake , enhances replication, and helps evade intracellular innate immune receptors (the tickled arm of the immune system much more critical to fighting the virus than the antibody response).  More virus invades the host. The Chinese (Shenzen, not Wuhan) have it sorted out, with pictures, if you’re interested (19).  Curiously, the only article addressing this topic this year is out of Iran (20)).  It’s not something you can protective yourself against, except to avoid the vaxx altogether.  Maybe that’s something you can throw at your pro-vaxx “friends”.  “No ADE for me!”

Just one more thing to bolster the wisdom of the late, great Nancy Reagan

1.         Joodeph BC.  If the vaccines work, why aren’t the working?  American Thinker November 22, 2021 https://www.americanthinker.com/articles/2021/11/if_the_vaccines_work_why_arent_they_working.html

2.         Maragakis L, Kelen GB.  Breakthrough Infections: Coronavirus After Vaccination.  Johns Hopkins Medicine 11/13/21.  https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/coronavirus/breakthrough-infections-coronavirus-after-vaccination

3.         Coleman K.  Dr. Fauci Just Issued This Urgent Warning to Vaccinated People .  Yahoo!.  11/12/21 https://www.yahoo.com/now/dr-fauci-just-issued-urgent-201846228.html

4.         Kostoff RN, Calina D, Kanduc D, Briggs MB, Vlachoyiannopoulos P, Svistunov AA, Tsatsakis A. Why are we vaccinating children against COVID-19? Toxicol Rep. 2021;8:1665-1684. https://doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.08.0105.  . Epub 2021 Sep 14.

5.         Pfizer’s novel COVID-19 oral antiviral treatment candidate reduced risk of hospitalization or death by 89% in interim analysis of phase 2/3 epic HR study.  Pfizer.com 11/5/21. https://www.pfizer.com/news/press-release/press-release-detail/pfizers-novel-covid-19-oral-antiviral-treatment-candidate

6.         Begley A.  EMA issues advice on use of Lagevrio for the treatment of COVID-19.   European Pharmaceutucal Review.  11/24/21. https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/news/ema-issues-advice-use-lagevrio-molnupiravir-treatment-covid-19

7.Reardin S.  Flawed ivermectin preprint highlights challenges of COVID drug studies.  https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-02081-w 

8. Huizen J.   WHO ‘strongly’ against hydroxychloroquine use for COVID-19 prevention. News Today 3/3/21  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/who-strongly-against-hydroxychloroquine-use-for-covid-19-prevention#Dangers-outweigh-potential-health-benefits.Medical

8. Temple C, Hoang R, Hendrickson RG.  Toxic Effects from Ivermectin Use Associated with Prevention and Treatment of Covid-19.  NEJM.  October 20, 2021
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMc2114907.  https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMc2114907

9.         Oldenburg CE, Pinsky BA, Brogdon J, et al. Effect of Oral Azithromycin vs Placebo on COVID-19 Symptoms in Outpatients With SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2021;326(6):490–498. https://doi:10.1001/jama.2021.11517. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2782166

10. OpenVAERS. https://openvaers.com/

11.         COVID Data Tracker.  Variant Proportions.  COVID.  CDC. Gov.  https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#variant-proportions

12.       SARS-CoV-2 Variant Classifications and Definitions.  CDC.  Gov.  https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/variants/variant-info.html#anchor_1632150752495

11.       SARS-CoV-2 Variant Classifications and Definitions.  CDC.  Gov.  https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/variants/variant-info.html#anchor_1632150752495

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14. Coish JM, MacNeil AJ. Out of the frying pan and into the fire? Due diligence warranted for ADE in COVID-19. Microbes Infect. 2020 Oct;22(9):405-406. https://doi: 10.1016/j.micinf.2020.06.006. Epub 2020 Jun 24.

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